Binary liquid phase separation and critical phenomena in a protein/water solution.

Liquid–liquid phase separation of N-isopropylpropionamide aqueous solutions above the lower critical solution temperature

We investigate driving forces of the liquid-liquid phase separation of N-isopropylpropionamide (NiPPA) aqueous solutions above the lower critical solution temperature using molecular dynamics simulations. Spontaneous phase separations of the model aqueous solution with a modified OPLS-AA force field are observed above the experimentally determined cloud point. The destabilization toward the pha...

Solution Phenomena in Liquid Ammonia

An extended discussion of solution phenomena in anhydrous liquid ammonia is presented. The solvent properties of ammonia for various classes of compounds is discussed in terms of its hydrogen bonding ability, moderate dielectric constant, elatively high basicity, and high dipole moment. In general, ammonia is a better solvent than water for covalent molecules, but a poor solvent for ionic speci...

Phase-separation Phenomena in Polymer Solutions

Liquid-liquid phase separation in biology.

Cells organize many of their biochemical reactions in non-membrane compartments. Recent evidence has shown that many of these compartments are liquids that form by phase separation from the cytoplasm. Here we discuss the basic physical concepts necessary to understand the consequences of liquid-like states for biological functions.

Introduction to Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena